diff --git a/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh.go b/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh.go
index e0b42cd..797cfcf 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh.go
@@ -229,7 +229,8 @@ func isRockTokenNotFoundError(err error) bool {
 
 // markTokenAbnormalByRefresh 把刷新时确认已失效的 Token 标记为「已上报失效」。
 //
-// 备注策略：仅在原备注为空时写入系统原因，避免覆盖人工备注。
+// 备注策略：原备注为空时直接写入；已有备注时用换行追加系统原因，保留人工内容，
+// 且相同原因不会重复追加。
 // 已交付（status=redeemed 或 redeemed_at 非空）的 Token 不会被降级。
 func (s *RockService) markTokenAbnormalByRefresh(ctx context.Context, token *model.RockToken, remark, message string) (*TokenBindingRefreshResult, error) {
 	if token == nil {
@@ -243,8 +244,12 @@ func (s *RockService) markTokenAbnormalByRefresh(ctx context.Context, token *mod
 		"status":     model.RockStatusAbnormal,
 		"updated_at": time.Now(),
 	}
-	if strings.TrimSpace(token.Remark) == "" {
+	existingRemark := strings.TrimSpace(token.Remark)
+	switch {
+	case existingRemark == "":
 		updates["remark"] = remark
+	case !strings.Contains(existingRemark, remark):
+		updates["remark"] = existingRemark + "\n" + remark
 	}
 	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(token).Updates(updates).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh_test.go b/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh_test.go
index 841b1ef..83c5021 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/rock_binding_refresh_test.go
@@ -515,8 +515,8 @@ func TestRefreshTokenBinding_Generic404KeepsState(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// 已有备注时不被系统原因覆盖。
-func TestRefreshTokenBinding_AbnormalKeepsManualRemark(t *testing.T) {
+// 已有备注时追加系统原因，不覆盖人工内容。
+func TestRefreshTokenBinding_AbnormalAppendsManualRemark(t *testing.T) {
 	db := newRockTestDB(t)
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
@@ -547,7 +547,11 @@ func TestRefreshTokenBinding_AbnormalKeepsManualRemark(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := db.First(&saved, token.ID).Error; err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("读取 Token 失败: %v", err)
 	}
-	if saved.Status != model.RockStatusAbnormal || saved.Remark != "客服人工备注" {
-		t.Fatalf("应保留人工备注并标记 abnormal，实际 %+v", saved)
+	if saved.Status != model.RockStatusAbnormal {
+		t.Fatalf("应标记 abnormal，实际 %s", saved.Status)
+	}
+	wantRemark := "客服人工备注\n上游状态异常（刷新自动同步）"
+	if saved.Remark != wantRemark {
+		t.Fatalf("应追加系统原因并保留人工备注，实际 %q", saved.Remark)
 	}
 }