diff --git a/apps/backend/src/db/migrations/112_fulfillment_channel_split.sql b/apps/backend/src/db/migrations/112_fulfillment_channel_split.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86ba3078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/backend/src/db/migrations/112_fulfillment_channel_split.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+-- 112_fulfillment_channel_split.sql
+--
+-- 目标：把「渠道 / 状态 / 决策来源」从一列拆成三列，并把渠道决策从
+--       「有没有任务」反推改为「配置驱动」。
+--
+-- 生产前置：
+--   · 生产迁移停在 111（2026-10-30 20:32）；本迁移为 112，编号未被占用。
+--   · 生产数据：orders 438,740 / order_items 438,750 / 10.1 GB。
+--   · order_items 上任何全表 UPDATE 约 34s，超过 15s 语句超时——
+--     所以本迁移**只做 DDL 与小表种子**，438k 行回填交给
+--     `scripts/backfill-fulfillment-channel.ts`（分批、幂等、可续跑）。
+--
+-- 本迁移不做的事：
+--   · 不删除 fulfillment_mode（等代码切换完成后由 113 删除）
+--   · 不清派生数据（由断代脚本执行）
+--   · 不改历史订单（回填脚本按断代日归档）
+--
+-- 与旧模型的关系：
+--   旧：order_items.fulfillment_mode ∈ work_order / affiliate_dash /
+--       legacy_platform / manual（四值混渠道与兜底）
+--   新：fulfillment_channel ∈ work_order / affiliate_dash /
+--       third_party_voucher / manual（可为空）
+--       fulfillment_status  ∈ pending / assigned / archived
+--       fulfillment_source  ∈ auto_rule / auto_mapping / carrier_evidence /
+--                             manual_confirm / operator_assigned / cutover_archive
+--
+-- 迁移由 migrate.ts 包在单事务中执行，因此这里不使用 BEGIN/COMMIT。
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 1. 订单项：三个新列 + 锁定 + 决策人
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ALTER TABLE order_items
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS fulfillment_channel TEXT,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS fulfillment_status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS fulfillment_source TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS fulfillment_locked BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS fulfillment_decided_by BIGINT
+    REFERENCES admin_users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+
+-- 约束：渠道与状态正交，且 pending 不得带渠道、assigned 必须有渠道。
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_order_items_fulfillment_channel'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE order_items DROP CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_channel;
+  END IF;
+  ALTER TABLE order_items
+    ADD CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_channel
+    CHECK (
+      fulfillment_channel IS NULL
+      OR fulfillment_channel IN (
+        'work_order', 'affiliate_dash', 'third_party_voucher', 'manual'
+      )
+    );
+
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_order_items_fulfillment_status'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE order_items DROP CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_status;
+  END IF;
+  ALTER TABLE order_items
+    ADD CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_status
+    CHECK (fulfillment_status IN ('pending', 'assigned', 'archived'));
+
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint
+    WHERE conname = 'chk_order_items_fulfillment_channel_status'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE order_items DROP CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_channel_status;
+  END IF;
+  ALTER TABLE order_items
+    ADD CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_channel_status
+    CHECK (
+      (fulfillment_status = 'pending' AND fulfillment_channel IS NULL)
+      OR (fulfillment_status = 'assigned' AND fulfillment_channel IS NOT NULL)
+      OR fulfillment_status = 'archived'
+    );
+
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_order_items_fulfillment_source'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE order_items DROP CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_source;
+  END IF;
+  ALTER TABLE order_items
+    ADD CONSTRAINT chk_order_items_fulfillment_source
+    CHECK (
+      fulfillment_source IN (
+        '', 'auto_rule', 'auto_mapping', 'carrier_evidence',
+        'manual_confirm', 'operator_assigned', 'cutover_archive'
+      )
+    );
+END $$;
+
+COMMENT ON COLUMN order_items.fulfillment_channel IS
+  '履约渠道（新唯一真源）：work_order 接单平台 / affiliate_dash 自动发货 / third_party_voucher 第三方卡券（仅统计）/ manual 人工；pending 时为空';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN order_items.fulfillment_status IS
+  '渠道状态：pending 待分类 / assigned 已确定 / archived 断代归档';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN order_items.fulfillment_source IS
+  '渠道决策来源：auto_rule 规则命中 / auto_mapping 映射命中 / carrier_evidence 历史载体证据 / manual_confirm 人工确认 / operator_assigned 运营指定 / cutover_archive 断代归档';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN order_items.fulfillment_locked IS
+  '运营指定渠道后置 true：channel_assign 跳过该行，直到运营解锁';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN order_items.fulfillment_decided_by IS
+  '最近一次渠道决策的后台用户；自动决策为空';
+
+-- 旧列标记为废弃（113 删除）。保留是为了让过渡期代码仍可读历史值。
+COMMENT ON COLUMN order_items.fulfillment_mode IS
+  '【已废弃，勿写入】旧履约方式四值枚举；读取请改用 fulfillment_channel + fulfillment_status。计划由 113 迁移删除';
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 2. 新索引：按状态与渠道取数，全部走部分索引
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- 待分类队列：只扫 pending 行。
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_order_items_fulfillment_pending_id_v2
+  ON order_items (id)
+  WHERE fulfillment_status = 'pending';
+
+-- 渠道维度的常规读路径（列表筛选、日报汇总）。
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_order_items_fulfillment_channel_status
+  ON order_items (fulfillment_channel, fulfillment_status)
+  INCLUDE (id)
+  WHERE fulfillment_status <> 'archived';
+
+-- 商品归一：已定渠道但还没挂商品的行。
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_order_items_unmapped_id
+  ON order_items (id)
+  WHERE fulfillment_status = 'assigned' AND canonical_product_id IS NULL;
+
+-- 成本快照：已定渠道 + 已归一 + 参与核算的渠道。
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_order_items_channel_product
+  ON order_items (fulfillment_channel, canonical_product_id)
+  INCLUDE (id)
+  WHERE fulfillment_status = 'assigned'
+    AND canonical_product_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+COMMENT ON INDEX idx_order_items_fulfillment_pending_id_v2 IS
+  '待分类队列：pending 订单项部分索引（2026-10-31 渠道拆分）';
+COMMENT ON INDEX idx_order_items_unmapped_id IS
+  '商品归一管道：已定渠道未归一部分索引';
+COMMENT ON INDEX idx_order_items_channel_product IS
+  '成本快照管道：渠道 + 商品维度覆盖索引';
+
+-- 注意：旧索引 idx_order_items_fulfillment_pending_id（108）与
+-- idx_order_items_fulfillment_product（110）在 113 里删除；
+-- 过渡期保留，避免旧代码路径失速。
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 3. 渠道规则表（L1）：精确键规则，覆盖自动发货 / 人工 / 卡券 / 运营覆盖
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- 设计说明：
+--   · 接单平台（work_order）不走本表：它由接单模板 + 商品匹配引擎决定，
+--     规则引擎的结论由 channel_assign 直接写成 channel=work_order。
+--   · 本表只处理「精确键」类渠道：affiliate_dash / manual /
+--     third_party_voucher，以及运营对任意渠道的显式覆盖。
+--   · provider / shop_id 为空串表示「不限」。
+--   · 同一 SKU 命中多条同优先级但渠道不同的规则 → 不自动选，
+--     订单落 pending 并进 routing_conflict 队列。
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sku_channel_rules (
+  id                     BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  provider               TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  shop_id                TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  match_key_type         TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'sku_code',
+  match_key              TEXT NOT NULL,
+  channel                TEXT NOT NULL,
+  priority               INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
+  source                 TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'operator',
+  source_ref_id          BIGINT,
+  enabled                BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
+  note                   TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  created_by_admin_user_id BIGINT REFERENCES admin_users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  created_at             TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+  updated_at             TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+  IF NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_sku_channel_rules_key_type'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE sku_channel_rules
+      ADD CONSTRAINT chk_sku_channel_rules_key_type
+      CHECK (match_key_type IN ('sku_code', 'internal_sku', 'sku_name'));
+  END IF;
+  IF NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_sku_channel_rules_channel'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE sku_channel_rules
+      ADD CONSTRAINT chk_sku_channel_rules_channel
+      CHECK (channel IN ('work_order', 'affiliate_dash', 'third_party_voucher', 'manual'));
+  END IF;
+  IF NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_sku_channel_rules_source'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE sku_channel_rules
+      ADD CONSTRAINT chk_sku_channel_rules_source
+      CHECK (source IN ('operator', 'affiliate', 'manual', 'voucher', 'template'));
+  END IF;
+  IF NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_sku_channel_rules_key'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE sku_channel_rules
+      ADD CONSTRAINT chk_sku_channel_rules_key
+      CHECK (btrim(match_key) <> '');
+  END IF;
+END $$;
+
+-- 同一 (来源范围, 键类型, 键, 渠道) 只允许一条；运营覆盖用更高优先级而非重复行。
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS uq_sku_channel_rules_key_channel
+  ON sku_channel_rules (provider, shop_id, match_key_type, match_key, channel);
+
+-- 解析路径：provider/shop 精确优先，空串表示不限；按优先级升序取第一条。
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sku_channel_rules_lookup
+  ON sku_channel_rules (match_key_type, match_key, enabled, priority)
+  INCLUDE (provider, shop_id, channel);
+
+COMMENT ON TABLE sku_channel_rules IS
+  'L1 渠道路由规则：精确键（SKU / 内部 SKU / SKU 名称）→ 渠道；接单平台由模板引擎决定，不在此表';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN sku_channel_rules.priority IS
+  '越小越优先：运营指定 10 / 自动发货 60 / 人工 70；同优先级多渠道=冲突';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN sku_channel_rules.source_ref_id IS
+  '来源对象 id：affiliate=product_catalog.id / manual=manual_fulfillment_configs.id / 其余为空';
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 4. 从现有配置生成初始规则（小表，836 行级，可在迁移内完成）
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- 4.1 自动发货：商品目录里的 aff:<sku> 即渠道归属
+INSERT INTO sku_channel_rules (
+  provider, shop_id, match_key_type, match_key, channel,
+  priority, source, source_ref_id, enabled, note, created_at, updated_at
+)
+SELECT
+  '', '',
+  'sku_code',
+  btrim(substr(p.canonical_sku, 5)),
+  'affiliate_dash',
+  60,
+  'affiliate',
+  p.id,
+  TRUE,
+  '由商品目录 aff: 前缀生成',
+  NOW(), NOW()
+FROM product_catalog p
+WHERE p.canonical_sku LIKE 'aff:%'
+  AND p.status = 'active'
+  AND btrim(substr(p.canonical_sku, 5)) <> ''
+ON CONFLICT (provider, shop_id, match_key_type, match_key, channel) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- 4.2 人工：已配置的人工 SKU（生产 43 条，按内部 SKU 精确匹配）
+INSERT INTO sku_channel_rules (
+  provider, shop_id, match_key_type, match_key, channel,
+  priority, source, source_ref_id, enabled, note, created_at, updated_at
+)
+SELECT
+  '', '',
+  'internal_sku',
+  btrim(cfg.sku_key),
+  'manual',
+  70,
+  'manual',
+  cfg.id,
+  cfg.enabled,
+  '由人工履约配置生成',
+  NOW(), NOW()
+FROM manual_fulfillment_configs cfg
+WHERE btrim(cfg.sku_key) <> ''
+ON CONFLICT (provider, shop_id, match_key_type, match_key, channel) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- 4.3 第三方卡券：不预置，运营在「渠道规则」页按 SKU 添加（source='voucher'）。
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 5. 成本项：第三方卡券采购成本（仅用于统计，无载体）
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+  IF NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'chk_cost_items_cost_model'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE cost_items
+      ADD CONSTRAINT chk_cost_items_cost_model
+      CHECK (cost_model IN (
+        'affiliate_purchase', 'work_order_reward', 'manual_actual',
+        'third_party_voucher_cost', 'platform_fee', 'payment_fee',
+        'after_sales_loss', 'other'
+      ));
+  ELSE
+    ALTER TABLE cost_items DROP CONSTRAINT chk_cost_items_cost_model;
+    ALTER TABLE cost_items
+      ADD CONSTRAINT chk_cost_items_cost_model
+      CHECK (cost_model IN (
+        'affiliate_purchase', 'work_order_reward', 'manual_actual',
+        'third_party_voucher_cost', 'platform_fee', 'payment_fee',
+        'after_sales_loss', 'other'
+      ));
+  END IF;
+END $$;
+
+INSERT INTO cost_items (
+  code, name, cost_model, pricing_mode, unit_name, currency,
+  status, note, created_at, updated_at
+)
+VALUES (
+  'sys_third_party_voucher_cost',
+  '第三方卡券采购成本',
+  'third_party_voucher_cost',
+  'per_item',
+  '件',
+  'CNY',
+  'active',
+  '第三方卡券渠道：仅统计收入与采购成本，不创建履约载体、不展示给买家',
+  NOW(), NOW()
+)
+ON CONFLICT (code) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- 不预置 0 元占位版本：0 元会被误当成真实成本。
+-- 运营在成本中心按商品配置采购价后再生成版本。
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 6. 异常表：从「一单一条」改为「SKU 级问题头 + 明细」
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- 先摘掉旧的逐单唯一约束（subject_type, subject_id, reason）。
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS uq_cost_exceptions_subject_reason;
+
+ALTER TABLE cost_exceptions
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS scope_key TEXT,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS item_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS first_seen_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS last_seen_at TIMESTAMPTZ;
+
+-- 存量行（断代脚本会整体清空）给一个可用的 scope_key，避免 NOT NULL 失败。
+UPDATE cost_exceptions
+SET scope_key = COALESCE(
+      NULLIF(scope_key, ''),
+      reason || '|' || COALESCE(order_item_id::text, subject_id::text)
+    ),
+    first_seen_at = COALESCE(first_seen_at, created_at),
+    last_seen_at = COALESCE(last_seen_at, created_at)
+WHERE scope_key IS NULL OR first_seen_at IS NULL OR last_seen_at IS NULL;
+
+-- 只有 open / ignored 的问题头保持唯一；resolved 允许重复出现（历史留痕）。
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS uq_cost_exceptions_scope_open
+  ON cost_exceptions (scope_key)
+  WHERE status <> 'resolved';
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_cost_exceptions_reason_status
+  ON cost_exceptions (reason, status, last_seen_at DESC);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cost_exception_items (
+  exception_id  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES cost_exceptions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  order_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES order_items(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  created_at    TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+  PRIMARY KEY (exception_id, order_item_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_cost_exception_items_item
+  ON cost_exception_items (order_item_id);
+
+COMMENT ON TABLE cost_exceptions IS
+  '成本/分类问题队列（SKU 级）：scope_key 相同的订单项聚合为一条问题，明细见 cost_exception_items';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN cost_exceptions.reason IS
+  'classification_missing 待分类 / routing_conflict 规则冲突 / product_mapping_missing 未归一 / cost_missing 成本缺失 / manual_config_missing 人工 SKU 未配置';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN cost_exceptions.item_count IS
+  '当前牵涉的订单项数（明细去重后的计数）';
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 7. 管道水位表
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS finance_watermarks (
+  pipeline        TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+  last_item_id    BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  last_stat_date  DATE,
+  last_success_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+  last_error      TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  updated_at      TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+INSERT INTO finance_watermarks (pipeline, last_item_id, last_stat_date, last_success_at)
+VALUES
+  ('channel_assign',    0, NULL, NULL),
+  ('carrier_dispatch',  0, NULL, NULL),
+  ('product_normalize', 0, NULL, NULL),
+  ('cost_snapshot',     0, NULL, NULL),
+  ('sales_facts',       0, NULL, NULL),
+  ('ledger_post',       0, NULL, NULL)
+ON CONFLICT (pipeline) DO NOTHING;
+
+COMMENT ON TABLE finance_watermarks IS
+  '各同步管道水位：last_item_id 用于订单项级增量，last_stat_date 用于按日聚合';
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 8. 销售事实：允许新渠道与「未分类」桶
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- 销售事实继续复用 fulfillment_mode 列承载渠道值（113 再改列名），
+-- 但必须允许第三方卡券、未分类与归档状态。
+ALTER TABLE sales_daily_facts
+  DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS chk_sales_daily_facts_fulfillment_mode;
+
+ALTER TABLE sales_daily_facts
+  ADD CONSTRAINT chk_sales_daily_facts_fulfillment_mode
+  CHECK (
+    fulfillment_mode IN (
+      'work_order', 'affiliate_dash', 'third_party_voucher',
+      'manual', 'unclassified', 'archived'
+    )
+  );
+
+COMMENT ON COLUMN sales_daily_facts.fulfillment_mode IS
+  '销售事实维度（渠道）：work_order / affiliate_dash / third_party_voucher / manual / unclassified 未分类 / archived 归档';
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 9. 人工 SKU 登记表降级为派生数据
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+COMMENT ON TABLE manual_sku_registry IS
+  '【派生数据】人工 SKU 扫描结果，可由 pending/manual 订单项重新生成；真源是 manual_fulfillment_configs';
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 10. 完成
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 迁移后仍需执行（按顺序）：
+--   1. scripts/backfill-fulfillment-channel.ts   —— 438k 行分批回填 channel/status
+--   2. scripts/finance-cutover-v2.ts             —— 断代归档 + 派生数据清零
+--   3. scripts/rebuild-after-cutover.ts          —— 10-31 起点数据重建 + 期初建账