完善数据库 SQL 约束与运维治理

backend/internal/database/gorm_logger.go

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ type structuredGormLogger struct {
 }
 
 func newGormLogger(logLevel string, logger *zap.Logger) gormLogger.Interface {
+	return newGormLoggerWithThreshold(logLevel, logger, 500*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func newGormLoggerWithThreshold(logLevel string, logger *zap.Logger, slowThreshold time.Duration) gormLogger.Interface {
 	level := gormLogger.Warn
 	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(logLevel), "debug") {
 		level = gormLogger.Info
@@ -28,10 +32,13 @@ func newGormLogger(logLevel string, logger *zap.Logger) gormLogger.Interface {
 	if logger == nil {
 		logger = zap.L()
 	}
+	if slowThreshold <= 0 {
+		slowThreshold = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	}
 	return &structuredGormLogger{
 		logger:        logger.With(zap.String("module", "database")),
 		level:         level,
-		slowThreshold: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+		slowThreshold: slowThreshold,
 	}
 }
 

backend/internal/database/mysql.go

@@ -8,9 +8,50 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
+type MySQLOptions struct {
+	MaxOpenConns       int
+	MaxIdleConns       int
+	ConnMaxLifetime    time.Duration
+	ConnMaxIdleTime    time.Duration
+	SlowQueryThreshold time.Duration
+}
+
+func DefaultMySQLOptions() MySQLOptions {
+	return MySQLOptions{
+		MaxOpenConns:       50,
+		MaxIdleConns:       10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime:    30 * time.Minute,
+		ConnMaxIdleTime:    5 * time.Minute,
+		SlowQueryThreshold: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+}
+
 func OpenMySQL(dsn string, logLevel string, appLogger *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error) {
+	return OpenMySQLWithOptions(dsn, logLevel, appLogger, DefaultMySQLOptions())
+}
+
+func OpenMySQLWithOptions(dsn string, logLevel string, appLogger *zap.Logger, options MySQLOptions) (*gorm.DB, error) {
+	defaults := DefaultMySQLOptions()
+	if options.MaxOpenConns < 1 {
+		options.MaxOpenConns = defaults.MaxOpenConns
+	}
+	if options.MaxIdleConns < 0 {
+		options.MaxIdleConns = defaults.MaxIdleConns
+	}
+	if options.ConnMaxLifetime <= 0 {
+		options.ConnMaxLifetime = defaults.ConnMaxLifetime
+	}
+	if options.ConnMaxIdleTime < 0 {
+		options.ConnMaxIdleTime = defaults.ConnMaxIdleTime
+	}
+	if options.SlowQueryThreshold <= 0 {
+		options.SlowQueryThreshold = defaults.SlowQueryThreshold
+	}
+	if options.MaxIdleConns > options.MaxOpenConns {
+		options.MaxIdleConns = options.MaxOpenConns
+	}
 	db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{
-		Logger: newGormLogger(logLevel, appLogger),
+		Logger: newGormLoggerWithThreshold(logLevel, appLogger, options.SlowQueryThreshold),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -20,11 +61,11 @@ func OpenMySQL(dsn string, logLevel string, appLogger *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, er
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// 限制连接池，避免本地压测瞬间打满 MySQL max_connections。
-	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(50)
-	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(10)
-	sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(30 * time.Minute)
-	sqlDB.SetConnMaxIdleTime(5 * time.Minute)
+	// 限制连接池，避免单个实例耗尽 MySQL max_connections。
+	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(options.MaxOpenConns)
+	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(options.MaxIdleConns)
+	sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(options.ConnMaxLifetime)
+	sqlDB.SetConnMaxIdleTime(options.ConnMaxIdleTime)
 
 	return db, nil
 }