diff --git a/backend/migrations/000003_refund_retry_index.sql b/backend/migrations/000003_refund_retry_index.sql
index 4f9dff1..6374169 100644
--- a/backend/migrations/000003_refund_retry_index.sql
+++ b/backend/migrations/000003_refund_retry_index.sql
@@ -1,9 +1,77 @@
+-- +goose Up
+
 -- 退款补偿重试字段：限制失败补偿的自动重试次数，并支持退避。
-ALTER TABLE payment_orders
-  ADD COLUMN retry_count INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '自动补偿重试次数' AFTER raw_response,
-  ADD COLUMN last_retry_at DATETIME NULL COMMENT '最近自动补偿重试时间' AFTER retry_count,
-  ADD COLUMN next_retry_at DATETIME NULL COMMENT '下次允许自动补偿重试时间' AFTER last_retry_at;
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'retry_count') = 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders ADD COLUMN retry_count INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''自动补偿重试次数'' AFTER raw_response',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'last_retry_at') = 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders ADD COLUMN last_retry_at DATETIME NULL COMMENT ''最近自动补偿重试时间'' AFTER retry_count',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'next_retry_at') = 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders ADD COLUMN next_retry_at DATETIME NULL COMMENT ''下次允许自动补偿重试时间'' AFTER last_retry_at',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
 
 -- 退款补偿扫描索引：按业务类型、状态、下次重试时间批量捞取待同步退款单。
-CREATE INDEX idx_payment_orders_refund_retry
-  ON payment_orders (biz_type, status, next_retry_at, updated_at, id);
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.STATISTICS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_payment_orders_refund_retry') = 0,
+  'CREATE INDEX idx_payment_orders_refund_retry ON payment_orders (biz_type, status, next_retry_at, updated_at, id)',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+
+-- +goose Down
+
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.STATISTICS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_payment_orders_refund_retry') > 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders DROP INDEX idx_payment_orders_refund_retry',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'next_retry_at') > 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders DROP COLUMN next_retry_at',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'last_retry_at') > 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders DROP COLUMN last_retry_at',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+
+SET @sql = IF(
+  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'payment_orders' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'retry_count') > 0,
+  'ALTER TABLE payment_orders DROP COLUMN retry_count',
+  'SELECT 1'
+);
+PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
+EXECUTE stmt;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;